Synthesis, crystal structure and Hirshfeld analysis of trans-bis-{(2E)-N-phenyl-2-[(2E)-3-phenyl-2-propen-1-yl-idene]hydrazinecarbo-thio-amidato-κ2N1,S}palladium(II).

The reaction of (2E)-N-phenyl-2-[(2E)-3-phenyl-2-propen-1-yl-idene]hydra-zine-carbo-thio-amide (common name: cinnamaldehyde-4-phenyl-thio-semi-carbazone) deprotonated with NaOH in ethanol with an ethano-lic suspension of PdII chloride in a 2:1 molar ratio yielded the title compound, [Pd(C16H14N3S)2]. The anionic ligands act as metal chelators, κ2 N 1 S-donors, forming five-membered rings with a trans-configuration. The PdII ion is fourfold coordinated in a slightly distorted square-planar geometry. For each ligand, one H⋯S and one H⋯N intra-molecular inter-actions are observed, with S(5) and S(6) graph-set motifs. Concerning the H⋯S inter-actions, the coordination sphere resembles a hydrogen-bonded macrocyclic environment-type. In the crystal, the complexes are linked via pairs of H⋯S inter-actions, with graph-set motif R 2 2(8), and building a mono-periodic hydrogen-bonded ribbon along [001]. The Hirshfeld surface analysis indicates that the major contributions for the crystal cohesion are: H⋯H (45.3%), H⋯C/C⋯H (28.0%), H⋯S/S⋯H (8.0%) and H⋯N/N⋯H (7.4%).

Congenital zika syndrome and family impacts: an integrative review. / Síndrome congênita do zika e impactos para as famílias: uma revisão integrativa.

In 2015, a range of congenital anomalies resulting from mother-to-child transmission of the zika virus emerged. Later called congenital zika syndrome (CZS), the condition includes microcephaly. Since then, around 4,000 children have been affected in 27 countries, with Brazil accounting for the largest proportion of cases. Family caregivers have also been affected. This study analyzes the literature on caregivers of children with CZS and how the disease has affected their everyday lives. We conducted an integrative review using the PubMed, Virtual Health Library, and Embase databases. Thirty-one articles were identified for analysis after screening. The findings were grouped into four categories: a) social impacts - changes in family relationships, life projects, and social life; b) subjective impacts - feelings of resilience, loneliness, grief, overburdening, fear, uncertainty, and spirituality and religion; c) economic and material impacts - loss of income, increased household expenses, change of residence, and unemployment; and d) health impacts - service unpreparedness, selflessness, self-care, changes in nutritional and sleep patterns, and mental health problems, including stress, anxiety and depression.

Em 2015, um espectro de anomalias congênitas, incluindo microcefalia, acometeu recém-nascidos como resultado da transmissão vertical pelo vírus zika, posteriormente denominada síndrome congênita do zika (SCZ). Desde então, cerca de 4 mil crianças foram afetadas em 27 países, sendo o Brasil o mais atingido. Cuidadores familiares também têm sido impactados. Esse estudo analisa publicações científicas que investigam as maneiras como a doença afetou as dinâmicas de vida de cuidadores familiares de crianças com SCZ. Realizou-se uma revisão integrativa de literatura consultando as bases de dados PubMed, Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde e Embase. Após as etapas de triagem, foram identificados 31 artigos. Os principais resultados foram agrupados em quatro categorias: a) impactos sociais que evidenciaram mudanças nas relações familiares, nos projetos de vida e no convívio social; b) impactos subjetivos - sentimentos de resiliência, solidão, luto, sobrecarga, medo, incerteza e relação com a espiritualidade; c) impactos econômicos e materiais - perda de renda, aumento de despesas, mudança de moradia e desemprego e d) impactos na saúde - despreparo dos serviços, renúncia do cuidado de si, modificações dos padrões nutricionais e de sono, repercussão para a saúde mental e níveis de estresse, ansiedade e depressão.

Síndrome congênita do zika e impactos para as famílias: uma revisão integrativa / Congenital zika syndrome and family impacts: an integrative review

Resumo Em 2015, um espectro de anomalias congênitas, incluindo microcefalia, acometeu recém-nascidos como resultado da transmissão vertical pelo vírus zika, posteriormente denominada síndrome congênita do zika (SCZ). Desde então, cerca de 4 mil crianças foram afetadas em 27 países, sendo o Brasil o mais atingido. Cuidadores familiares também têm sido impactados. Esse estudo analisa publicações científicas que investigam as maneiras como a doença afetou as dinâmicas de vida de cuidadores familiares de crianças com SCZ. Realizou-se uma revisão integrativa de literatura consultando as bases de dados PubMed, Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde e Embase. Após as etapas de triagem, foram identificados 31 artigos. Os principais resultados foram agrupados em quatro categorias: a) impactos sociais que evidenciaram mudanças nas relações familiares, nos projetos de vida e no convívio social; b) impactos subjetivos - sentimentos de resiliência, solidão, luto, sobrecarga, medo, incerteza e relação com a espiritualidade; c) impactos econômicos e materiais - perda de renda, aumento de despesas, mudança de moradia e desemprego e d) impactos na saúde - despreparo dos serviços, renúncia do cuidado de si, modificações dos padrões nutricionais e de sono, repercussão para a saúde mental e níveis de estresse, ansiedade e depressão.

Abstract In 2015, a range of congenital anomalies resulting from mother-to-child transmission of the zika virus emerged. Later called congenital zika syndrome (CZS), the condition includes microcephaly. Since then, around 4,000 children have been affected in 27 countries, with Brazil accounting for the largest proportion of cases. Family caregivers have also been affected. This study analyzes the literature on caregivers of children with CZS and how the disease has affected their everyday lives. We conducted an integrative review using the PubMed, Virtual Health Library, and Embase databases. Thirty-one articles were identified for analysis after screening. The findings were grouped into four categories: a) social impacts - changes in family relationships, life projects, and social life; b) subjective impacts - feelings of resilience, loneliness, grief, overburdening, fear, uncertainty, and spirituality and religion; c) economic and material impacts - loss of income, increased household expenses, change of residence, and unemployment; and d) health impacts - service unpreparedness, selflessness, self-care, changes in nutritional and sleep patterns, and mental health problems, including stress, anxiety and depression.

Depression Screening in a population-based study: Brazilian National Health Survey 2019.

This study evaluated the prevalence of positive screening for depression in Brazil and its associated factors. We used data from National Health Survey 2019 (Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde - PNS), a population-based survey with 88,531 adults. The Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) was used with two scoring methods, the algorithm and the cutoff point≥10. The variables included sociodemographic characteristics. The prevalence ratios and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) were estimated using Poisson regression. The positive screening for depression was 10.8% (95%CI: 10.4-11.0), at the cutoff point ≥10 and 5.7% (95%CI: 5.4-6.0) for algorithm. Significant differences were found in prevalence in some Brazilian states. Multivariable analyses showed that being female, black, under 70 years of age, having little education, being single, and living in an urban area were independently associated with a depressive symptoms. The highest association was found in the states of Sergipe, Goiás, Piauí, Espírito Santo, São Paulo, Alagoas and lowest in Pará, Mato Grosso and Maranhão. The prevalence of positive screening for depression in Brazil has increased in recent years. More investment in mental health resources is necessary and surveys such as the PNS should be continued.

Depression Screening in a population-based study: Brazilian National Health Survey 2019 / Rastreamento de sintomas depressivos em um estudo de base populacional: Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde 2019

Abstract This study evaluated the prevalence of positive screening for depression in Brazil and its associated factors. We used data from National Health Survey 2019 (Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde - PNS), a population-based survey with 88,531 adults. The Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) was used with two scoring methods, the algorithm and the cutoff point≥10. The variables included sociodemographic characteristics. The prevalence ratios and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) were estimated using Poisson regression. The positive screening for depression was 10.8% (95%CI: 10.4-11.0), at the cutoff point ≥10 and 5.7% (95%CI: 5.4-6.0) for algorithm. Significant differences were found in prevalence in some Brazilian states. Multivariable analyses showed that being female, black, under 70 years of age, having little education, being single, and living in an urban area were independently associated with a depressive symptoms. The highest association was found in the states of Sergipe, Goiás, Piauí, Espírito Santo, São Paulo, Alagoas and lowest in Pará, Mato Grosso and Maranhão. The prevalence of positive screening for depression in Brazil has increased in recent years. More investment in mental health resources is necessary and surveys such as the PNS should be continued.

Resumo Este estudo avaliou a prevalência de triagem positiva para depressão no Brasil e seus fatores associados. Utilizou-se dados da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde 2019 (PNS), um inquérito de base populacional com 88.531 adultos. Para avaliar os sintomas depressivos utilizou-se o Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) com dois métodos de pontuação: o algoritmo e o ponto de corte ≥10. As variáveis incluíram características sociodemográficas. Utilizou-se a regressão de Poisson para obter razões de prevalência, com intervalo de confiança de 95% (IC95%). A triagem positiva para depressão foi de 10,8% (IC95%: 10,4-11,0), no ponto de corte ≥10 e 5,7% (IC95%: 5,4-6,0) para o algoritmo. Houve diferenças significativas na prevalência entre alguns estados brasileiros. Análises multivariadas mostraram que ser do sexo feminino, negro, ter menos de 70 anos, ter baixa escolaridade, ser solteiro e residir em área urbana estiveram independentemente associados a sintomas depressivos. A maior associação foi encontrada nos estados de Sergipe, Goiás, Piauí, Espírito Santo, São Paulo, Alagoas e a menor no Pará, Mato Grosso e Maranhão. A prevalência de triagem positiva para depressão no Brasil tem aumentado nos últimos anos. É necessário mais investimento em saúde mental e pesquisas como a PNS devem ser feitas continuamente.

Antioxidant effect of blueberry flour on the digestibility and storage of Bologna-type mortadella.

The aim of the study was to add blueberry flour (BF) to Bologna-type mortadella as a natural antioxidant and to evaluate its activity during in vitro digestion and refrigerated storage. Five treatments of mortadella were prepared: without antioxidant, with sodium erythorbate and with the addition of three levels of BF: 0.05 %, 0.075 % and 0.1 %. Twenty-three phenolic compounds were quantified in blueberry fruits and twenty-eight in BF, with prevalence of chlorogenic acid. The presence of BF did not affect the proximal composition of the mortadella, but it had a small effect on pH, hardness (texture profile) and instrumental color, as well as reduced lipid oxidation during refrigerated storage (2-8 °C) for 90 days. During in vitro digestion, the addition of BF increased the content of total phenolic compounds and the antioxidant activity of mortadella (p < 0.05), among all simulated stages. At a concentration of 0.05 %, BF can be used as a synthetic antioxidant substitute in Bologna-type mortadella, enhancing the use of blueberry fruits in the form of flour and enriching the product with natural antioxidants.

Goldenberry flour as a natural antioxidant in Bologna-type mortadella during refrigerated storage and in vitro digestion.

Goldenberry is rich in phenolic compounds; however, no study has been carried out to assess its potential in meat products. The objective of the research was to characterize goldenberry (Physalis peruviana) fruits and flour and investigate its effect on the quality of Bologna-type mortadella, before and after in vitro digestion. Five treatments were performed: without antioxidant, with sodium erythorbate, and with three levels of goldenberry flour. The phenolic profile analysed by LC-MS/MS quantified 10 compounds in the fruit and 23 in the flour. Goldenberry flour did not affect the centesimal composition of the mortadella, but it had an effect on pH, hardness (texture profile) and color, as well as reduced lipid oxidation (peroxide value and TBARS) for 90 days. There was also an increase (P < 0.05) in the antioxidant activity and in the content of phenolic compounds after in vitro digestion. Thus, goldenberry flour can be used as a natural antioxidant to replace sodium erythorbate in Bologna-type mortadella.

2-{1-[(6R,S)-3,5,5,6,8,8-Hexamethyl-5,6,7,8-tetra-hydro-naphthalen-2-yl]ethyl-idene}-N-methyl-hydrazinecarbo-thioamide.

The reaction between a racemic mixture of (R,S)-fixolide and 4-methyl-thio-semicarbazide in ethanol with a 1:1 stoichiometric ratio and catalysed with HCl, yielded the title compound, C20H31N3S [common name: (R,S)-fixolide 4-methyl-thio-semicarbazone]. There is one crystallographically independent mol-ecule in the asymmetric unit, which is disordered over the aliphatic ring [site-occupancy ratio = 0.667 (13):0.333 (13)]. The disorder includes the chiral C atom, the neighbouring methyl-ene group and the methyl H atoms of the methyl group bonded to the chiral C atom. The maximum deviations from the mean plane through the disordered aliphatic ring amount to 0.328 (6) and -0.334 (6) Š[r.m.s.d. = 0.2061 Å], and -0.3677 (12) and 0.3380 (12) Š[r.m.s.d. = 0.2198 Å] for the two different sites. Both fragments show a half-chair conformation. Additionally, the N-N-C(=S)-N entity is approximately planar, with the maximum deviation from the mean plane through the selected atoms being 0.0135 (18) Š[r.m.s.d. = 0.0100 Å]. The mol-ecule is not planar due to the dihedral angle between the thio-semicarbazone entity and the aromatic ring, which amounts to 51.8 (1)°, and due to the sp 3-hybridized carbon atoms of the fixolide fragment. In the crystal, the mol-ecules are connected by H⋯S inter-actions with graph-set motif C(4), forming a mono-periodic hydrogen-bonded ribbon along [100]. The Hirshfeld surface analysis suggests that the major contributions for the crystal cohesion are [(R,S)-isomers considered separately] H⋯H (75.7%), H⋯S/S⋯H (11.6%), H⋯C/C⋯H (8.3% and H⋯N/N⋯H (4.4% for both of them).

Synthesis, crystal structure and Hirshfeld analysis of trans-bis-(2-{1-[(6R,S)-3,5,5,6,8,8-hexa-methyl-5,6,7,8-tetra-hydronaphthalen-2-yl]ethyl-idene}-N-methyl-hydrazinecarbo-thio-amidato-κ2N2,S)palladium(II) ethanol monosolvate.

The reaction between the (R,S)-fixolide 4-methyl-thio-semicarbazone and PdII chloride yielded the title compound, [Pd(C20H30N3S)2]·C2H6O {common name: trans-bis-[(R,S)-fixolide 4-methyl-thio-semicarbazonato-κ2 N 2 S]palladium(II) ethanol monosolvate}. The asymmetric unit of the title compound consists of one bis-thio-semicarbazonato PdII complex and one ethanol solvent mol-ecule. The thio-semicarbazononato ligands act as metal chelators with a trans configuration in a distorted square-planar geometry. A C-H⋯S intra-molecular inter-action, with graph-set motif S(6), is observed and the coordination sphere resembles a hydrogen-bonded macrocyclic environment. Additionally, one C-H⋯Pd anagostic inter-action can be suggested. Each ligand is disordered over the aliphatic ring, which adopts a half-chair conformation, and two methyl groups [s.o.f. = 0.624 (2):0.376 (2)]. The disorder includes the chiral carbon atoms and, remarkably, one ligand has the (R)-isomer with the highest s.o.f. value atoms, while the other one shows the opposite, the atoms with the highest s.o.f. value are associated with the (S)-isomer. The N-N-C(=S)-N fragments of the ligands are approximately planar, with the maximum deviations from the mean plane through the selected atoms being 0.0567 (1) and -0.0307 (8) Š(r.m.s.d. = 0.0403 and 0.0269 Å) and the dihedral angle with the respective aromatic rings amount to 46.68 (5) and 50.66 (4)°. In the crystal, the complexes are linked via pairs of N-H⋯S inter-actions, with graph-set motif R 2 2(8), into centrosymmetric dimers. The dimers are further connected by centrosymmetric pairs of ethanol mol-ecules, building mono-periodic hydrogen-bonded ribbons along [011]. The Hirshfeld surface analysis indicates that the major contributions for the crystal cohesion are [atoms with highest/lowest s.o.f.s considered separately]: H⋯H (81.6/82.0%), H⋯C/C⋯H (6.5/6.4%), H⋯N/N⋯H (5.2/5.0%) and H⋯S/S⋯H (5.0/4.9%).

Determination of amino acid content, fatty acid profiles, and phenolic compounds in non-conventional edible fruits of seven species of palm trees (Arecaceae) native to the southern half of South America.

The fruits of palm trees (Arecaceae) are a very important food source for fauna and for humans, despite the still incipient role of these fruits in conventional diet. Seven palm tree species (plus one variety) that are native to the southern half of South America located east of the Andes (Argentina, Paraguay, Uruguay, and the southern states of Brazil) were studied. For the first time, the fatty acid profiles of palm seeds and the content of both amino acids and phenolic compounds present in the pulp (yellowish fleshy mesocarps) of the fruits were determined. High-performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) was used to screen and quantify thirty-two phenols and HPLC was used to determine the amino acid contents and fatty acids profiles of the species. Twenty-five percent of the fatty acids in the seeds of B. lallemantii, Butia odorata (var. pulposa), B. witeckii, and Syagrus romanzoffiana were found to be unsaturated. One species (B. lallemantii) had a high and well-balanced amino acid content (28,900 mg/kg), while six species (B. odorata, B. catarinensis, B. witeckii, Euterpe edulis, and Syagrus romanzoffiana) contained more than 14,000 mg/kg of amino acids. A high content of the phenolic compounds ferulic acid, luteolin, quercetin-3-rutinoside, isoquercetin, and isorhamnetin were found in many species, most notably in B. odorata, B. catarinensis, and B. witeckii.

Phenolic compounds profile and main nutrients parameters of two underestimated non-conventional edible plants: Pereskia aculeata Mill. (ora-pro-nóbis) and Vitex megapotamica (Spreng.) Moldenke (tarumã) fruits.

Non-conventional edible plants are widely present in Brazil. Several fruits of spontaneous occurrence are underestimated and scarcely used by the population. The increase in the knowledge about these plants, especially regarding the bioactive compounds present in this species, is important to increase its use, cultivation, and propagation. Ora-pro-nóbis (Pereskia aculeata) and tarumã (Vitex megapotamica) fruits are two examples. In the present report, the phenolic compounds profile was determined, using liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS). Other assays were also performed such as protein content, fat, humidity, and calcium. The results show that tarumã fruits are rich in several phenolic compounds, especially p-coumaric acid (9.3-61.8 mg g-1), isoquercitrin (14.6-55.5 mg g-1), naringenin (7.5-30.1 mg g-1), and caffeic acid (12.7-18.3 mg g-1). Ora-pro-nóbis fruits have showed high contents of caffeic acid (4.9 mg kg-1), rutin (3.9 mg kg-1), and hesperidin (1.7 mg kg-1), and their seeds, specifically, have showed relevant content for galangin (1.1 mg kg-1) and ferulic acid (0.3 mg kg-1).

All-cause and cause-specific mortality among people with severe mental illness in Brazil's public health system, 2000-15: a retrospective study.

BACKGROUND: People with severe mental illness have a mortality rate higher than the general population, living an average of 10-20 years less. Most studies of mortality among people with severe mental illness have occurred in high-income countries (HICs). We aimed to estimate all-cause and cause-specific relative risk (RR) and excess mortality rate (EMR) in a nationwide cohort of inpatients with severe mental illness compared with inpatients without severe mental illness in a middle income country, Brazil. METHODS: This national retrospective cohort study included all patients hospitalised through the Brazilian Public Health System (Sistema Único de Saúde [SUS]-Brazil) between Jan 1, 2000, and April 21, 2015. Probabilistic and deterministic record linkages integrated data from the Hospital Information System (Sistema de informações Hospitalares) and the National Mortality System (Sistema de Informação sobre Mortalidade). Follow-up duration was measured from the date of the patients' first hospitalisation until their death, or until April 21, 2015. Severe mental illness was defined as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, or depressive disorder by ICD-10 codes used for the admission. RR and EMR were calculated with 95% CIs, comparing mortality among patients with severe mental illness with those with other diagnoses for patients aged 15 years and older. We redistributed deaths using the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study methodology if ill-defined causes of death were stated as an underlying cause. FINDINGS: From Jan 1, 2000, to April 21, 2015, 72 021 918 patients (31 510 035 [43·8%] recorded as male and 40 974 426 [56·9%] recorded as female; mean age 41·1 (SD 23·8) years) were admitted to hospital, with 749 720 patients (372 458 [49·7%] recorded as male and 378 670 [50·5%] as female) with severe mental illness. 5 102 055 patient deaths (2 862 383 [56·1%] recorded as male and 2 314 781 [45·4%] as female) and 67 485 deaths in patients with severe mental illness (39 099 [57·9%] recorded as male and 28 534 [42·3%] as female) were registered. The RR for all-cause mortality in patients with severe mental illness was 1·27 (95% CI 1·27-1·28) and the EMR was 2·52 (2·44-2·61) compared with non-psychiatric inpatients during the follow-up period. The all-cause RR was higher for females and for younger age groups; however, EMR was higher in those aged 30-59 years. The RR and EMR varied across the leading causes of death, sex, and age groups. We identified injuries (suicide, interpersonal violence, and road injuries) and cardiovascular disease (ischaemic heart disease) as having the highest EMR among those with severe mental illness. Data on ethnicity were not available. INTERPRETATION: In contrast to studies from HICs, inpatients with severe mental illness in Brazil had high RR for idiopathic epilepsy, tuberculosis, HIV, and acute hepatitis, and no significant difference in mortality from cancer compared with inpatients without severe mental illness. These identified causes should be addressed as a priority to maximise mortality prevention among people with severe mental illness, especially in a middle-income country like Brazil that has low investment in mental health. FUNDING: Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais, FAPEMIG, and the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior-Brasil.

Disasters with oil spills in the oceans: Impacts on food safety and analytical control methods.

More than 5.8 million tonnes of oil have been spilled into the oceans. Some oil disasters marked history, causing multiple social and economic consequences in addition to catastrophic environmental impacts. Recently, Brazil and Mauritius faced oil disasters that have severely impacted seafood sanitary credibility. One of the components of the oil composition are the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), which are the main contamination markers of petrogenic origin. There is enough evidence to correlate the intake of food contaminated with PAH with increased risks of developing cancer. The set PAH4, composed of benzo[a]anthracene, benzo[a]pyrene, benzo[b]fluoranthene, and chrysene, and the set PAH8, composed of benzo[a]anthracene, benzo[a]pyrene, benzo[b]fluoranthene, benzo[k]fluoranthene, benzo[ghi]perylene, chrysene, dibenzo[a,h]anthracene, and indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene are recognized as markers of food chemical contamination. After oil disasters in the oceans, the risk to the health of seafood consumers tends to be of special concern, Countries like the European Union set maximum levels for benzo[a]pyrene (5 µg kg-1) and PAH4 (30 µg kg-1) in bivalve mollusks. Levels of concern established by countries that have faced oil disasters are given special attention in this review. Laboratory analysis of PAH in food samples is very challenging because it deals with quite different kinds of matrices. Furthermore, analytical results are usually related to the closure or reopening of cultivated areas and fishing points. Therefore, the progress of the analytical methods for PAH in seafood is covered in detail. Chemical laboratory measurements provide essential data to assess the potential risks to human health due to consumption of seafood contaminated with PAH. The main human health risk assessment approaches in a seafood contamination scenario with PAH are reviewed and discussed, providing an insightful and guiding tool to each step of the risk assessment framework.

Stigmas of congenital Zika syndrome: family perspectives.

This article uses a socio-anthropological framework to explore the stigmas around interactions with children born with congenital Zika syndrome caused by the Zika virus epidemic in two Brazilian municipalities. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with parents and other relatives. We reflected on the search for meaning when having a baby with unexpected body marks, the moral suffering, the societal ableism, the burden of care, and the need for support networks. We concluded that public policies, especially social policies (health, education, and social assistance), are essential for compensatory mechanisms, recognition, and social inclusion of these children and their families.

Factors associated with risk of death by suicide after psychiatric hospitalization by the Unified Health System in Brazil (2002-2015).

OBJECTIVE: To investigate overall and sex-related characteristics associated with the risk of death by suicide within 365 days of discharge in patients admitted to psychiatric hospitals in the Brazilian Unified Health System (SUS). METHOD: A non-concurrent prospective cohort of adult patients admitted to psychiatric hospitals in the SUS, from 2002 to 2015. Patients were stratified according to sociodemographic and clinical variables. Adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) of suicide within 365 days of discharge were estimated using Cox proportional hazard regression models. RESULTS: This sample comprised 1,228,784 adult patients admitted to psychiatric hospitals. Of these, 3201 died by suicide within 365 days of discharge. The risk of suicide was positively associated with male sex, age between 18 and 29 years, living in the South region, and living in rural or intermediate municipalities. The highest risk of suicide was among patients with depressive disorders (aHR, 3.87; 95%CI, 3.41-4.38) follow by opioid-related disorders (aHR, 2.71; 95%CI, 2.00-3.67), particularly among female patients. CONCLUSION: Patients with a psychiatric hospital admission should have access to mental health care services immediately after discharge and in the long term. Findings of this study may support suicide prevention policies and have implications for clinical decisions related to patient discharge and follow-up.

Variants in proinflammatory genes IL1RL1, IL1B and IRF4 are associated with overweight in a pediatric Brazilian population.

BACKGROUND: Obesity is a chronic complex disease with great prevalence for children all over the world. Characterized for low-grade inflammation associated with several comorbidities such as resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). OBJECTIVES: To investigate whether genetic variants in IL10, IL1RL1, IL1B, IRF4, TNF, IL6, and IL33 genes are associated with being overweight in children. METHODS: We performed the genotyping of 1004 children using Illumina 2.5 Human Omni bead chip, and association analysis on the genetic variants and the overweight through logistic regression adjusted for sex, age and components principal. RESULTS: Of the seven genes analyzed, 16 SNVs significantly associated. Eleven variants in IL1RL1, two in IL1B and one in IRF4 genes increased overweight risk and two SNVs in IL1RL1 were associated with protection against overweight. The rs2287047-A was negatively associated (OR: 0.66, CI95%: 0.19-0.45) and had a reduced IL1RL1 expression in whole blood (p 0.033) in silico eQTL. The rs12203592-T, in IRF4, was positively associated with being overweight, and led to an increased gene expression in whole blood (p < 0.001) and adipose tissue (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: These results suggest that genetic variants in inflammatory genes may play an important role in the development of overweight in children.

Calidad del sueño y experiencias afectivas durante la pandemia de COVID-19 en adultos residentes en el estado de Minas Gerais / Qualidade do sono e vivências afetivas de adultos residentes no estado de minas gerais durante a pandemia de covid-19 / Sleep quality and affective experiences of adults living in the state of minas gerais during the covid-19 pandemic

RESUMO Objetivos: verificar se a adesão à medida de distanciamento social e características sociodemográficas se associam com as alterações percebidas, durante a pandemia de COVID-19, na qualidade do sono e nas vivências afetivas de brasileiros residentes em Minas Gerais. Método: estudo transversal que analisou dados de questionário on-line aplicado a adultos e idosos residentes no estado de Minas Gerais. Foram estimadas prevalências e razões de prevalências, brutas e ajustadas, para as variáveis investigadas. Resultados: entre 35% e 55% dos respondentes referiram alterações nas vivências afetivas, como solidão, tristeza e ansiedade, e alterações do sono durante o período de isolamento social. Em geral, essas alterações foram mais frequentes entre aqueles que realizaram o isolamento de forma intensa ou total, indivíduos do sexo feminino e pessoas mais jovens. Conclusão: no presente estudo, foram observadas alterações importantes na qualidade de sono e nas vivências afetivas da população mineira, atingindo mais as pessoas do sexo feminino, pessoas mais jovens e que fizeram isolamento social intenso. É importante ofertar cuidados em saúde mental a fim de evitar os impactos negativos do distanciamento social em situações de pandemia.

RESUMEN Objetivos: verificar si la adherencia a la medida de distanciamiento social y las características sociodemográficas están asociadas a los cambios percibidos en la calidad del sueño y las experiencias afectivas de los brasileños residentes en Minas Gerais durante la pandemia de COVID-19. Método: estudio transversal que analizó datos de un cuestionario online aplicado a adultos y ancianos residentes en el estado de Minas Gerais. Se estimaron las prevalencias y las razones de prevalencia, brutas y ajustadas, de las variables investigadas. Resultados: entre el 35% y el 55% de los encuestados refieren alteraciones en las vivencias afectivas como soledad, tristeza, ansiedad, y alteraciones del sueño durante el período de aislamiento social. En general, estos cambios fueron más frecuentes entre los que estaban intensa o totalmente aislados, las mujeres y los individuos más jóvenes. Conclusión: en el presente estudio observamos alteraciones importantes en la calidad del sueño y en las vivencias afectivas de la población de Minas Gerais, afectando más al sexo femenino, a las personas más jóvenes y a las que habían estado en intenso aislamiento social. Es importante prestar atención a la salud mental para evitar los efectos negativos del distanciamiento social en situaciones de pandemia.

ABSTRACT Objectives: to verify whether adherence to the social distancing measure and sociodemographic characteristics are associated with perceived changes, during the COVID-19 pandemic, in sleep quality and affective experiences of Brazilians living in Minas Gerais. Method: a cross-sectional study that analyzed data from an online questionnaire applied to adults and older adults living in the state of Minas Gerais. Prevalence values and prevalence ratios, both adjusted and adjusted, were estimated for the variables investigated. Results: between 35% and 55% of the respondents reported changes in affective experiences, such as loneliness, sadness and anxiety, as well as changes in sleep during the social isolation period. In general, those alterations were more frequent among those who adhered to intense or total isolation, female individuals and younger people. Conclusion: in this study, important changes were observed in sleep quality and in the affective experiences of the population of Minas Gerais, affecting more females, younger people and individuals who adhered to intense social isolation. It is important to offer mental health care in order to avoid the negative impacts of social distancing in pandemic situations.

The increasing burden of pancreatic cancer in Brazil from 2000 to 2019: estimates from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019.

INTRODUCTION: Pancreatic cancer is increasing worldwide. The burden of pancreatic cancer in Brazil and its states was analyzed and compared with that from the USA and China. METHODS: This is a descriptive study of the incidence and mortality estimates from the Global Burden of Disease 2019 study, from 2000 to 2019. The Brazilian states presenting the highest and lowest socio-demographic index (SDI) were selected from each of the five regions. The SDI consists of the per capita income, education, and fertility rate of each population. RESULTS: A significant increase was found in age-standardized incidence and mortality of pancreatic cancer in all three countries, with differences in magnitude and annual increases. In Brazil, this incidence rose from 5.33 [95% Uncertainty Interval (UI): 5.06- 5.51] to 6.16 (95% UI: 5.68- 6.53) per 100,000 inhabitants. China and the Brazilian states with the lowest SDI, such as Pará and Maranhão, showed lower incidence and mortality rates, although presenting the highest annual increases. No difference was found between the sexes. A higher mortality rate was observed for those individuals of 70+ years, which was three to four times higher than those aged 50 to 69 years. CONCLUSIONS: The increasing burden of pancreatic cancer in the studied countries, and the higher estimates for the elderly in a fast-aging country such as Brazil, indicates that more resources and health policies will be necessary. The greatest increase in the states with lower SDI reflects inequalities in the access to diagnosis and registries of this cancer.

The burden of suicide in Brazil: findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019.

INTRODUCTION: Suicide deaths varies according to location, sex, and age. This study analyzed the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 (GBD 2019) concerning suicide in Brazil. METHODS: This study described the mortality and years of life lost (YLL) due to premature death caused by suicide in Brazil in 1990 and 2019. The numbers, crude and age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR), and YLL were compared among Brazilian states, age groups, and sexes. RESULTS: There were 13,502 suicides in Brazil in 2019, 46.00% more than in 1990. The crude mortality rate increased 0.32%, while the ASMR declined -21.68% during the period. Crude and age-standardized YLL rates declined by -7.24% and -18.38%, respectively. In 2019, the biggest ASMRs were found in the South, whereas from 1990 to 2019, the ASMR declined in the South, Southeast, and Midwest, and increased in the Northeast. The number of suicides was higher among individuals aged 15-49 years, and suicide rates were higher among those aged over 70 years. From 1990 to 2019, an increase in the rate was found only of 10-14 years of age. Suicide was highest in men, except in the 10-14-year age group, ranking third in mortality among men of 15-34 years of age and fourth among women of 15-24 years of age. CONCLUSIONS: The ASMR and YLL for suicide declined since 1990, but suicide remains an important factor of mortality in the country. The South Region, men, elderly, and youth should be priorities in the implementation of suicide prevention strategies in Brazil.

The burden of mental disorders attributable by cocaine use: Global Burden of Diseases Study in Brazil, 1990 and 2019.

INTRODUCTION: Brazil is an important consumer market for cocaine. However, the consequences of this consumption and the pattern of distribution of the estimates are still poorly studied in the Brazilian states. The Global Burden of Disease study - 2019 (GBD-2019) has enabled us to describe and analyze indicators of mental disorders (MD) attributable by cocaine use in Brazil and its states, in 1990 and 2019. METHODS: A descriptive study of the burden of cocaine use disorders, using prevalence, age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR), years of life lost (YLL) due to premature death, years lived with disabilities (YLD), and disability adjusted life years (DALY), which accounts for YLL+YLD. RESULTS: Brazil ranks 8th as DALYs due to cocaine use disorder in the world (42.83/100.000; 95% uncertainty intervals [95% UI]: 35.28 to 61.43). Significant increases have occurred in the age-standardized rate prevalence (ASRP), ASMR, DALY, YLD, and YLL, in Brazil and its states, between 1990 and 2019. The ASRP in 2019 was 2.7-fold higher for men (278.60/100.000; 95% UI: 208.20 to 374.39) in comparison to women (104.01/100.000; 95% UI: 76.70 to 143.02). There is a predominance of YLD in the composition of DALYs; however, the YLL had the biggest increases between 1990 and 2019. CONCLUSIONS: The high rate of DALYs and the increase in mortality rates show the need to scale up effective interventions to prevent and reduce the burden of disease attributable to cocaine use disorder, which is a preventable cause of death and disability.